文章 发现 ms@ms.lt +370 607 27 665 My work is in the Public Domain for all to share freely. 读物 书 影片 维基百科 Software Upload Investigation: Relate Bott periodicity to the eight-cycle of divisions of everything. 博特周期性定理 Compare the related Lie groups (and their connections with spheres) to the six specifications of geometry, the six transformations of perspectives Max Karoubi savo video paskaitoje paminėjo loop lygtį žiedams kurioje R,C,H,H' ir epsilon = +/-1 gaunasi 10 homotopy equivalences. Kodėl 10? 8+2=10? ar 6+4=10, dešimt Dievo įsakymų? How might the fourfold periodicity of the sign of the pseudovector be related to the fourfold periodicity of the differentiation of sine and cosine functions? Does the constraint {$J^2=−I_n$} on complex structures and their anti-commutativity relate to the constraints on Clifford algebras? Relate Bott periodicity with the n-spheres from the 0-sphere to the the 7-sphere (and 8-sphere). Videos Statement Wikipedia: Bott periodicity theorem Expositions Allen Hatcher. Vector Bundles & K-Theory. Welcome. Tammo. Representation Theory. Chapter 3 Wedderburn Theorem John Baez. Bott periodicity. John Baez. Octonions. John Baez. Octonion projective geometry. John Baez. Projective lines. John Baez. OP1 and Bott Periodicity. Canonical line bundles {$L_\mathbb{R}$}, {$L_\mathbb{C}$}, {$L_\mathbb{H}$}, {$L_\mathbb{O}$} give elements {$[L_\mathbb{R}]$}, {$[L_\mathbb{C}]$}, {$[L_\mathbb{H}]$}, {$[L_\mathbb{O}]$} that generate, respectively, {$\widetilde{KO}(S^1)\cong\mathbb{Z}_2,\widetilde{KO}(S^2)\cong\mathbb{Z}_2,\widetilde{KO}(S^4)\cong\mathbb{Z},\widetilde{KO}(S^8)\cong\mathbb{Z}$}. The isomorphism {$\widetilde{KO}(S^n)\rightarrow \widetilde{KO}(S^{n+8})$} given by {$x\rightarrow [L_\mathbb{O}]$} yields Bott periodicity. The canonical octonionic line bundle over {$\mathbb{O}P^1$} generates Bott periodicity. John Baez. The Magic Square. John Baez about Clifford algebra periodicity Eschenbur. Geometry of Octonions Arkadii Slinko. 1, 2, 4, 8,... What comes next? Jonathan Block. The Bott Periodicity Theorem. First, periodicity allows one to deloop classifying spaces and thus define cohomology theories. Second, using periodicity, “wrong way” functoriality maps can be defined and these are of integral importance in the index theorem. Siebenmann periodicity states that for M a closed manifold S(M)∼=S(M×I4,M×∂I4). A map S(M)→KO[12]∗(M) which intertwines the two periodicities. It should be noted that KO[1/2] is four periodic with the signature operator playing the same role as the inverse of the Bott element as the Dirac operatordoes for complex (or real) periodicity. M.A. Aguilar, Carlos Prieto. Quasifibrations and Bott periodicity. Mark J. Behrens. A new proof of the Bott periodicity theorem. A simpler proof based on an appropriate restriction of the exponential map to construct an explicit quasifibration with base space U and contractible total space. Zachary Halladay. Bott periodicity and K-theory Max Karoubi. Bott Periodicity in Topological, Algebraic and Hermitian K-Theory Raoul Bott. The Periodicity Theorem For The Classical Groups And Some Of Its Applications Δ Shinsei Ryu. General classification of topological insulators and superconductors. Baez: 2) H. Blaine Lawson, Jr. and Marie-Louise Michelson, "Spin Geometry", Princeton U. Press, Princeton, 1989. or 3) Dale Husemoller, "Fibre Bundles", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994. These books also describe some of the amazing consequences of this periodicity phenomenon. The topology of n-dimensional manifolds is very similar to the topology of (n+8)-dimensional manifolds in some subtle but important ways!'' Physics of fermions. Extensions Wikipedia: Higher Clifford Algebras 24 periodicity of 3-categories Geoffrey Dixon. Division Algebras, Clifford Algebras, Periodicity "Using novel representations of the purely Euclidean Clifford algebras over all four of the division algebras, R, C, H, and O, a door is opened to a Clifford algebra periodicity of order 24 as well." Proofs Peter May's notes for his overview talk. Bosman Honor's Thesis: Bott Periodicity with sketch of proof in terms of Morse theory Proofs of Bott-periodicity Bott-periodicity also arises in string theory. Related concepts 维基百科: Classifying space 维基百科: Classifying space for U(n) 维基百科: Classifying space for O(n) 维基百科: Orthogonal group discusses Bott periodicity. 维基百科: Second quantization (Canonical quantization) Important for the tenfold way in condensed matter research. 维基百科: Symmetric space 维基百科: Morita equivalence 维基百科: Random matrix Dyson's threefold way 维基百科: Hopf fibration 维基百科: Hopf invariant and Adam's theorem. 维基百科: Homotopy group of spheres 维基百科: Clifford paralells and quaternions A Survey of Elliptic Cohomology by Jacob Lurie, mentions the Bott element, whose inversion is perhaps related to the period 2. 书: D. Elmendorf, I. Kriz, M. A. Mandell, and J. P. May. Rings, modules, and algebras in stable homotopy theory. Math facts Two types of results Periodicity of the homotopy groups of the unitary groups. Periodic theorem of vector bundles. Two-cycle Start from C - as the basic duality - and end up at C inverted (perhaps the conjugate) and go back. This circle is used to list the quotients of Clifford modules {$GL_{n}(\mathbb{R})/GL_{n}(\mathbb{C})$} check? etc If you multiply all the quotients together than you get the identity (?) {$\begin{pmatrix} & & \mathbb{C}_{n} & & \\ & \mathbb{H}_{n} & & \mathbb{R}_{n} & \\ \mathbb{H}_{n} \times \mathbb{H}_{n} & & & & \mathbb{R}_{n} \times \mathbb{R}_{n} \\ & \mathbb{H}_{n} & & \mathbb{R}_{n} & \\ & & \mathbb{C}_{n} & & \end{pmatrix}$} Eight-cycle The fourfold periodicity within the Bott periodicity is a repeating pattern (0,1,1,0 ?) W: Symmetric group Note that the reverse on n elements and perfect shuffle on 2n elements have the same sign; these are important to the classification of Clifford algebras, which are 8-periodic. This pattern is based on the sign of the pseudovector. This pattern expresses whether the sum of 1+...+n is even or odd. Even + even = even; + odd = odd; + even = odd; + odd = even; and so on. This pattern is likewise the sum of the numbers mod 2. Thus 0+0=0; +1=1; +0=1;+1=0. This pattern also comes up in multiplying by i. We get 1, i, -1, -i - two positives followed by two negatives. A similar pattern comes up in the volumes of n-spheres. The volume of an n-sphere is {$\frac{\pi^{\frac{n}{2}}}{\Gamma(\frac{n}{2}+1)}$} where {$\Gamma(n+\frac{1}{2})=(n-\frac{1}{2})(n-\frac{3}{2})\cdots \frac{1}{2}\cdot\pi^{\frac{1}{2}}$}. Thus we have: {$\frac{2n}{2}=n, \frac{2n+1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=n, \frac{2n+2}{2}=n+1, \frac{2n+3}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=n+1$}, and so on. The pattern also comes up by two recurrences for volume and hyperarea (surface area) in terms of each other. Starting with {$V_0(R)=1, A_0(R)=2$} and continuing {$V_{n+1}(R)=\frac{R}{n+1}A_{n}(R), A_{n+1}(R)=(2\pi R) V_{n}$} we get the pattern for the factor {$\pi$}. Real numbers = slack, Complex numbers = null, Quaternions = perspective Clifford algebra periodicity Readings W: Classification of Clifford algebras Baez: Clifford algebra periodicity José Figueroa-O'Farrill. Spin Geometry H. Blaine Lawson, Jr. and Marie-Louise Michelson, "Spin Geometry", Princeton U. Press, Princeton, 1989. (For proof) Dale Husemoller, "Fibre Bundles", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994. (For proof) Jayme Vaz, Jr., Roldão da Rocha, Jr. An Introduction to Clifford Algebras and Spinors. The Wikipedia article explains that in the complex case the quadratic form there is no signature because {$+1 = i^2(–1)$}. Whereas in the real case the signature distinguishes between the number of {$+1$} and the number of {$–1$}. The pseudoscalar (the product of all the basis elements) is important because it is similar to the scalar. When the dimension is odd, then the pseudoscalar commutes with everything, and so it is in the center. When the dimension is even, then the pseudoscalar does not commute with everything and so the center only consists of the identity. In the real case, what characterizes the Clifford algebra of signature {$(p,q)$} is the number {$p-q \text{mod} 8$}. There are the progressions, adding basis elements which square to {$-1$}, but likewise in the {$+1$} direction: Complexification: {$$R, C, H$$} Growing: {$$R, R \bigoplus R, \begin{pmatrix} R & R \\ R & R \end{pmatrix}$$} Untangling: {$$H, \begin{pmatrix} C & C \\ C & C \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} R & R & R & R \\ R & R & R & R \\ R & R & R & R \\ R & R & R & R \end{pmatrix}$$} Wedderburn's theorem states that The Artin-Wedderburn theorem generalizes this result to Artinian rings. Frobenius's theorem for real division algebras states that every finite-dimensional associative division algebra over the real numbers is isomorphic to the real numbers, the complex numbers or the quaternions. Hurwitz's theorem: The only real normed division algebras are R, C, H, and the (non-associative) algebra O. A division algebra is an algebra over a field in which division, except by zero, is always possible. C0 R C1 C C2 H C3 H + H C4 H(2) C5 C(4) C6 R(8) C7 R(8) + R(8) C8 R(16) {$C_{n+8}$} consists of 16 x 16 matrices with entries in {$C_n$}. The positive and negative directions (for the signature) are related as {$R$} and {$M_8(R)$}. For any n=s+t (exploring how we generate the perspectives in a division of everything into n perspectives, going from 0 to n in n steps) there are two patterns: even n, {$X=2^{\frac{N}{2}}$}: {$\dots R(2X), R(2X), H(X), H(X), R(2X), R(2X), H(X), H(X) \dots$} odd n, {$X=2^{\frac{N-1}{2}}$}: {$\dots H(X)\bigoplus H(X), C(2X), R(2X)\bigoplus R(2X), C(2X), H(X)\bigoplus H(X), C(2X), R(2X)\bigoplus R(2X) \dots$} Combined, these two patterns yield for n, along the edge: {$\dots R(2^N), C(2^N), H(2^N), H(2^N) \bigoplus H(2^N), H(2^{N+1}), C(2^{N+2}), R(2^{N+3}), R(2^{N+3})\bigoplus R(2^{N+3}) \dots$} Generalized Clifford Algebra has clock-shift operators. Some matrices describe the 8-cycle clock (the trolley stops). Generalized Pauli matrices describe the 3 shifts (the trolley cars of different increments +1, +2, +3). See the "clock and shift matrices". Complex structures We call {$J$} a complex structure on {$R^n$} if {$J\in O(n)$} and {$J^2=−I_n$}. Denote the space of complex structures {$Ω_1(n)⊂O(n)$}. Define {$Ω_k(n)$} to be the space of complex structures that anti-commute with fixed {$J_1,\dots ,J_{k-1}$}. {$Ω_0 \cong Ω_8$} Consider how complex structures relate to divisions of everything. Apparently, each {$J_i$} is a perspective. Anti-commutativity {$J_iJ_j = -J_jJ_i$} means that the composition of perspectives is inverted if the order is switched. So the matrix {$-I$} can be interpreted as an inversion of perspective, and thus, of chains of perspectives. A set of eight perspectives brings us back to no perspectives, which is to say, the default perspective at the origin. Ideas The two-cycle is: the undefined (the nullsome) yields the defined (the foursome), which yields the defined undefined (the eightsome), which is the same as the undefined (the nullsome). The eight-cycle arises from the details: adding four perspectives yields the foursome, the defined. Then we can, dually, think of subtracting perspectives from that. But the subtraction (relaxing, removing perspectives) is defined by adding perspectives, yielding the fivesome which lets a sensor be free in time and space, the sixsome lets the conditional sensor relate to the unconditional, the sevensome lets the external unity (of the whole) match the internal unity (of slack) in a dualistic way, the eightsome has the system collapse. The relevant Lie groups are all rotations about a fixed origin. That fixed origin represents a universal, absolute perspective, God's perspective upon everything, God's knowledge of everything. Divisions of everything are perhaps chopping up a sphere where the sphere is everything also circle folding Bott periodicity should be related to the collapse of the eightsome into the nullsome, and thus the definition of contradiction Complex case: 2-periodicity - divisions having 4 (nežinojimas) or 2 (žinojimas) representations. Real case: 8-peridocity. Perspective arises because of base point - there is a fixed point for the isometries. We are that fixed point. Understand the dimensions of a Lie group as perspectives. And look at Lie groups as rotations of a sphere. Notes Bott Periodicity John Baez's comment about 4 dimensions being most interesting because half-way between 0 and 8. The Son turns around and reverses the Father. How can the fact that {$\Gamma(\frac{1}{2})=\sqrt{\pi}$} relate {$\pi$} and {$e$}? Note that {$\Gamma(1)=0!$} and {$\Gamma(\frac{3}{2})=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}$}. Consider the integral definition. In Bott periodicity, the going beyond oneself (by adding perspectives) and the going outside of oneself (by subtracting perspectives) is, in mathematics, extended to all possible integers, and thus the two directions are related in the four ways as given by the four classical Lie algebras, including gluing, fusing, folding. In the eight-cycle of divisions, the going beyond oneself and the going back outside oneself are reminiscent of spinors like electrons. The flip side of going beyond yourself - if you can add perspectives, then you can substract perspectives - on the flip side. Thus nullsome and foursome model the extremes: nullsome models the void of everything, foursome models the point of nothing. Thus adding a perspective takes us from the indefinite to the definite and back again. The three operations +1,+2,+3 make for a three-fold braid. R nullsome H twosome 1+i (different) j+ij (the same) H+H threesome splits the twosome (H2) foursome - internally doubles (C4) fivesome (R8) sixsome R+R sevensome (dividing the nullsome into two perspectives) (S16) what would S mean? half of R? positive reals? The Elliptic Umbilic Diffraction Catastrophe. Optics, Bott periodicity? Study orthogonal groups and Bott periodicity. Allen Hatcher. Algebraic topology. Explanation Homotopy, homology, cohomology. We will show in Theorem 3.21 that a finite-dimensional division algebra over R must have dimension a power of 2. The fact that the dimension can be at most 8 is a famous theorem of [Bott & Milnor 1958] and [Kervaire 1958]. Example 4.55: Bott Periodicity. Allen Hatcher. Vector Bundles and K-Theory. (Half-written). Explanation Table of Contents Bott-periodicity. Bott periodicity exhibits self-folding. Note the duality with the pseudoscalar. Consider the formula n(n+1)/2 does that relate to the entries of a matrix? Bott periodicity is the basis for 8-fold folding and unfolding. What is the connection between Bott periodicity and spinors? See John Baez, The Octonions. Orthogonal add a perspective (Father), symplectic subtract a perspective (Son). My dream: Sartre wrote a book "Space as World" where he has a formula that expresses Bott periodicity / my eightfold wheel of divisions. A question about the topological proofs of Bott periodicity Answer by Peter May. Matthew Magill. Topological K-theory and Bott Periodicity Daisuke Kishimoto. Topological proof of Bott periodicity and characterization of BR. Dyer, Lashof. A topological proof of the bott periodicity theorems. Guo Chuan Thiang. Lecture notes on symmetries, topological phases and K-theory. A broad and helpful overview of the math and physics, including the tenfold way, Clifford algebras. ketverybė: H, nulybė: R 2-periodicity: Dievas - gerumas - Dievas sukeisti buvimą ir nebuvimą, tapimą ir netapimą 10 = 4+6 = 4+(4+2) = 8 + 2 (2 tai laisvumo atvaizdai) Z 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 0 (replace Z 0 with Z2 Z2 particle) Z 0 (replace Z 0 with 0 0 hole) 8 external dimensions (adding 4 dimensions or +2 or +3) internally expressed dimensions - adding integrity same pattern reversed internally syllabus by Roberto Rubio relate to Bott periodicity. Langlands program related to Bott-Atiyah. The Yang Mills Equations Over Riemann Surfaces, Morse theory - calculus of variations, thus to Bott periodicity. And Langlands is related to conjugacy classes on GL(2), which are eignevalues. There are three families of double coverings. Bott periodicity 8=0 could be the basis for reproduction. https://sites.google.com/view/dmonaco/teaching/k-theory-in-condensed-matter-physics https://nptel.ac.in/courses/111/106/111106100/ Atiyah: K-theory is related to quantum theory, cohomology is related to classical theory. Dirac operator is the basis for spinors and for Bott periodicity. Dirac operator is, conceptually, the square root of the Laplacian. In what sense is a tableaux the square root of a matrix? Atiyah: What does octonionification mean for the magic square? Alain Connes about Bott periodicity and CTP. "Why Four Dimensions and the Standard Model Coupled to Gravity... Video 39:00 Ali H. Chamseddine, Alain Connes. Why the Standard Model Connes. Why Four Dimensions and the Standard ModelCoupled to Gravity - A Tentative Explanation Fromthe New Geometric Paradigm of NCG Alain Connes. Noncommutative Geometry and the Standard Model with Neutrino Mixing.] 6+4=2 modulo 8 When you move from K-theory to KO-theory, you add charge conjugation operator J. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_Pezzo_surface see especially from degree 2 to 9, is this an eightfold phenomenon? How is it related to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory ? How is it related to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronese_surface and the conics?
Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas December 15, 2021, at 06:28 PM